General Aggression Model Of Human Aggression - 1280 Words

Part 1. Violence Mechanism of GAM General Aggression Model (GAM) represents a theoretical basis for social-cognitive integrated model of human aggression, and aims at the interpretation of the connection between the motivation of aggression, and the following aggressive behavior, aggressive effect (i.e., physiological stimulation), aggressive cognition, (i.e., thoughts), reduced pro-social behavior, and reduced empathy (i.e., emotional facets) (Anderson and Bushman, 2001; Barlett and Anderson 2013). As a process model, GAM can be divided into two explanatory mechanisms; a) proximate and distal GAM (Anderson Carnagey, 2004) or b) proximate GAM as single-episode GAM and multiple-episode GAM (see. Anderson Bushman, 2001) as (long-term) effects of repetitive violence viewing (Barlett Anderson, 2013). In the single episode model, GAM describes a continuous cycle of interaction between personal/biological and situational/violent media exposure variables/modifiers; situational input variables influence aggressive behavior through their impact on the person’s present internal state (e.g. personality/hostility traits, emotions or attitudes), represented by cognitive, affective and arousal variables. The present internal state of a person in GAM is the result of the interaction among between affect, arousal, and cognition (i.e., the activation/priming of one of them leads to the activation of other two) (Anderson and Dill, 2001). Sequentially, internal states influencesShow MoreRelatedAre Humans Innately Aggressive?1410 Words   |  6 PagesAre humans innately aggressive or do we learn to be aggressive? 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This theory focuses on aggression as an innate tendency in volving the instinct theoryRead MoreVideo Game Violence And Its Effects On Gamers1205 Words   |  5 Pagesgame violence and aggression; but is this connection scientifically correct? This topic interests me because of the increase in school shootings and violence. I have personally heard many times that video game violence has led to many adolescents to extreme forms of violence. Through what has been said in the media I decided to research the topic myself. This is a current event issue that is a present reality for many college students. Does video game violence directly relate to human violence? DoesRead MoreAn Explanation Of An Instinct Theory1547 Words   |  7 PagesAggression is defined as the intention to cause physical or psychological harm to oneself, an object, or another, in a form that is not socially sanctioned. 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However, the perspectives discussed have a myriad of research to support their claims and it is evident thatRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Aggression1623 Words   |  7 PagesFreud proposed that aggression was an inborn instinct or drive, as compared to later theorists who felt aggression was a reaction or a response to a situation (Meyer, 1996). Freud postulated that all hu man beings have two basic drives: aggressive and libidinal. The two drives were thought to appear in human behavior in a fused state. The aggressive drive was seen basically as destructive. Thus, it was referred to as thanatos, or the death instinct. This destructive aggression could be directed towardRead MoreAlbert Bandura Social Learning Theory1060 Words   |  5 Pagesthe common theoretical view which, â€Å"depicted behavior as impelled by inner forces in the form of needs, drives, and impulses, often operating below the level of consciousness (Bandura, 1976). 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In a cross sectional studies it has been found that there is a positive correlations with real life and video game aggression. Also in longitudinal studies shows that playing violent video games constantly it can predict that there may be later aggression even after controlling for initial levels of aggression. Experimental studies have showed that playing the video game is a factor of an increase level of aggression. Even though there

Team Work and Motivation - 1718 Words

Teamwork and Motivation In just a few years WooWoo manufacture has gained much success by becoming one of the world’s top producer of widgets. Recently sales have been high, but a new report was just released that exposed some defects with our product. This defect issue can quickly turn into a serious problem that will increased our costs and delay deliveries to our customers. During these critical times we must find a way to motivate the 50 employees in our sales, assembly, technology, and administration departments. Shafeka Carter, India Lowry, and myself are all part owners in this small manufacturing company. At one of our meetings last week we came up with a plan that will help motivate employees to work hard. We decided that†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The expectancy theory argues that the strength of a tendency to act in a certain way depends on the strength of an expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individualà ¢â‚¬  (Ramlall, 2004). There are three factor that are seen has to how behavior is directed. These components are referred to as Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Valance. Expectancy is the belief that increased effort will lead to increased performance (Ramlall, 2004). With the expectancy component people believe that if they work harder it will be a better outcome. In order for this expectancy component of the Expectancy theory to be a positive one, employees must have the tools and resources that they would need to put forth a great deal of effort (Lunnenburg, 2011). This is where the training aspect in our motivation plan will come into effect, if where can provide employee with the right resources and tool, and provide a positive work environment, the employee will place high effort to achieve the goal. Instrumentality is the belief that if a person perform well than they will receive something that they hold value to (Lunnenburg, 2011). In this component employees are motivated to do a good job because they know they will get something out of it. In our motivational plan pay incentive play a major part into setting the expectations thatShow MoreRelatedTeam Work and Motivation1259 Words   |  6 PagesTeamwork and Motivation Motivation is the internal and external factors that stimulate desire and energy in a person to be continually interested and committed to a job, role or subject, or to make an effort to attain a goal (Business Dictionary, 2013). The main priority of an organization should be its people. They are the ones who help maintain the mission and the vision of the organization as well as keeping the business flowing. This paper will provide a design of an organization motivation plan, identifyRead MoreA Positive Motivation Plan1199 Words   |  5 PagesA Positive Team Motivation Plan Patrick Hall, Joyce Woodbury, William Leonardi LDR 531 July 09, 2012 Eric Heard A Positive Team Motivation Plan In today’s business world, each business organization has a diverse workforce and each worker has specific motivations and emotions. An effective manager understands the challenges involved in creating a workplace that combines the employees’ motivations, satisfactions, and performance into a cohesive and effective workforce. 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Simply, ifRead MoreMotivation Employee Performance And Success1255 Words   |  6 Pagesliterature on motivation seeks to develop an understanding of the nature of motivation, how to increase motivation level in employees and improve employee performance; thus, in turn, improve overall performance of the organization. Motivation helps employees to feel encouraged to perform effectively and thus, contribute towards improved performance of the organization by linking the employees’ goals and objectives with the strategic goals and objectives of the organization. Motivation plays a significantRead MoreHow Teams And Teamwork Affect Individual Satisfaction And Motivation For Individual Performance1230 Words   |  5 Pagesfundamental concept of how teams and teamwork are used in everyone advantage, it is imperative to look at the individual characteristic first. As a manager in an organisation, manager has to know of how he or she can influence the performance of people who work for him or her. 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The Legal And Ethical Effects Of Decision Making - 2828 Words

Chapter 4: Discussion Results Introduction The legal and ethical effects of decision making in withholding and withdrawing life support have been largely debated. The unanimity in the United States is that it is standard to waive or decline life support with permission of the patient or a surrogate under some circumstances (American Thoracic Society, 1991; Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs, 1991). However, such practice is not always accepted and varies greatly from country to country and over time (Asplund and Britton, 1990; Koch et al., 1994). End of life decision making can be a very stressful event for both the physician and the patient; and when there are two conflicting cultural backgrounds, communication about these†¦show more content†¦Most of these individuals view advance directives as a legal intrusion that interferes with the family’s rights and responsibilities to care for a loved one. They also think that warm health care decisions at the end stage of one’s life should be a matter between the family and patient’s physician, not the state or the healthcare system (Bito et al., 2007). Individuals of minority cultural backgrounds are afraid that if they complete an advance care planning in a typical health care setting, it might be detrimental to them in cases where further medical intervention could actually improve their health outcome (Baker, 2002). Data have shown that there’s a low level of trust in the healthcare system within the many minority groups, and even a lesser of trust within the Black group, especially if in the past they have been mistreated and discriminated against (Baker, 2002). Research has also indicated that Blacks from different cultural backgrounds prefer life-prolonging, aggressive treatment to be administered regardless of the condition of their disease, even when it seems hopeless (Baker, 2002). West and Levi (2004) f ound that the historic disbelief of the healthcare system and lack of accessibility of care mirrors the views of African-Americans of end-of-life care. The removal of mechanical support, withdrawal of life-prolonging

Marketing Announced Business Funding

Question: Discuss about the Marketing for Announced Business Funding. Answer: Activity 2 The Australian parents are not well aware of the nutrition needs of their children. In a survey conducted by Nestle, only 51% of parents know five different food groups and 50% parents identified correct amount for one serve of fruits. In another additional research, the company has found that kids who learn to cook are able to choose healthier food. Hence, Nestle offers Healthy Active Kids Program, offering the school to win fully equipped teaching kitchen worth 25,000 AUD (Nestle Australia 2016). This will encourage cooking among the kids and they would be aware of healthy nutrition requirement. Nestle Australia also announced funding in order to provide additional secondary schools for indigenous girls, in the month of June. They aim to support completion of schooling by more indigenous girls. They believe that girls who are educated are powerful to change the family and change the society for a healthier future. They have committed to meet the needs of the native people in secondary schools and improve the engagement in schooling. Nestle will work mutually with Role Models and Leaders Girls Academy, to develop girls for healthier community (Nestle Australia 2016). Peters Ice cream business was owned by Nestle and in 2012, it was sold. However, the company acquire license to produce some Nestle ice cream brands like Drumstick; Maxibon etc. Peters ice cream brand holds a strong position and continued to attract loyalty of ice cream lover of Australia. Under Drumstick brand of Peters, two new products are offered. Choc Malted Mega Milkshake and Jammy Custard Donut. This ice-cream brand in Australia has launched The Brooklyn Collection in partnership with New York based famous ice cream parlour. This product range includes high quality and tasty tuba and sticks of some exclusive flavours. The products are enriched with peanut butter and Pretzel and sweet cream; chocolate brownie; corn nuts; golden syrup; green tea. Peters has also launched Proud Punch (Peters Ice Cream 2016). In this product, the company offers real flavours with a punch. All fresh products are used in making of this product and they are turned into tasty treats. The current products are promoted through social media and official website of Peters itself. The marketing type of these two firms are different. Nestle promote its product by engaging itself into social activity. Increasing awareness about the nutrition intake and supporting education of girls, are some strategies to improve brand loyalty. Since it is a well-established multinational brand and enjoys significant market share, these marketing strategies will help them to attain sustainability. It targets specific consumers like kids and indigenous girls in its recent events. The Peters brand focuses on developing new product range to attract customers. Some of its product targets all ice cream lovers and its product like The Brooklyn Collection target the niche market of this industry with exclusive flavoured ice creams. Activity 5 Economys future is determined by the trends of the demographic. The growth in the population and age of the demographic are important for investors and businesses. As population growth is higher in the developing nation, the multinational companies are attracted to these market and set up their business. This is because, in the market where population is growing the demand is significantly high. This is a great opportunity for a business. However, the population is aging in the emerging and developed countries (IMF 2016). Therefore, businesses might face lack to potential workers. Moreover, the product of the business must appeal the old people. For example, cell phone; e-book; video games attract the young people than an old person as these are not appealing to them. Since, the world population is aging, the business can offer new products that are valuable and usable for the old people. Before marketing, the business should decide which segment of the market it wants to focus on (R iva, Aimone Marsan and Grassi 2014). The world population is also urbanizing. As a result of this, the multinational companies get a higher scope to establish in the new economies, where people are getting adhere to urban life style. Business will focus on offering those goods that meet the requirement of urban life style. The demand for the urbanized product has been significantly increasing in the global market. The businesses will be set up in the region where the working age population will grow in the next few decades. The education level of the demographic also affects the international marketing, as people now prefers more sophisticated goods. Higher education also offers high skilled workers for the business. People travel more after getting retired. Therefore, the travel and tourism industry will be benefitted due to ageing population. Old people need special medical care. Therefore, demand for medical care will be increased. Hence, health care system will be benefitted (Kautonen, Down and Minniti 2014). References IMF. 2016. Finance and Development. [online] Available at: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2006/09/picture.htm [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Kautonen, T., Down, S. and Minniti, M., 2014. Ageing and entrepreneurial preferences. Small Business Economics, 42(3), pp.579-594. Nestle Australia. 2016. Media. [online] Available at: https://www.nestle.com.au/media#itemPerPage=20 [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Peters Ice Cream. 2016. Ice Cream Australia | Peters Ice Cream. [online] Available at: https://www.peters.com.au/# [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Riva, G., Ajmone Marsan, P. and Grassi, C., 2014. Active ageing and healthy living.